Hampshire (13-1) are 265 runs behind Surrey (278), who won the toss
Chris Tremlett gave England a timely reminder of what he can do with his first five-wicket haul for two years.
Tremlett was left out of the squad for the first Test against New Zealand, which starts at Lord's tomorrow, despite his impressive performance for the England Lions against the tourists last week.
But he responded with his first five-for in any form of the game since August 2006 when he helped Hampshire dismiss Surrey for 278 after the visitors had won the toss at the Rose Bowl today.
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Tremlett showed the benefit of a season so far uninterrupted by injury as he found plenty of bounce and pace during four spells from the Northern End.
He finished with 5-67, the seventh five-wicket haul of his career, as Hampshire enjoyed the better of the opening day of their latest Championship match.
But it was James Tomlinson (3-62) who took the prize wicket of Mark Ramprakash (17).
A healthy-sized crowd at the Rose Bowl included several Surrey fans hoping to see Ramprakash score his 100th first-class hundred.
But the Surrey star nicked a ball angled across him, having taken 18 balls to get off the mark.
Ramprakash might not have been at his best but Tremlett was not far from his.
He had Jon Batty (0) caught low by Jimmy Adams at second slip to the fourth ball of the day and then left-hander Scott Newman (42) played on as he attempted to shoulder arms.
Tremlett's lbw dismissal of Usman Afzaal (40) looked a little high but he caused constant problems with his bounce.
Greg Lamb persevered from the Pavilion End and after Surrey captain Mark Butcher (49) had hit him for six over wide long-on, the former England left-hander chipped Hampshire's off-spinner to Sean Ervine, who held on to a high chance at mid-wicket.
Ervine found some extra bounce in having Ally Brown (33) caught at the wicket as he attempted a square cut in the fifth over after tea, before Hampshire finished Surrey off with the second new ball.
With the first ball of his fourth spell, a full-length delivery from Tremlett pinned 19-year-old Surrey all-rounder Chris Jordan lbw.
A sensational diving catch from Chris Benham at third slip gave Tomlinson the wicket of Jimmy Ormond (0) and two catches for fourth-slip Ervine denied Surrey a third batting point.
Saqlain Mushtaq (7) became Tremlett's fifth victim and Tomlinson accounted for Pedro Collins (0) in the following over.
Hampshire's day did not go entirely to plan.
Matt Nicholson finished on 40 not out but was dropped twice, on 22 by second-slip Adams and on 34 by Michael Carberry at backward point.
Former Surrey batsman Carberry was then caught behind to what turned out to be the last ball of the day as Hampshire closed on 13-1.
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